I-Cube Face Recognition System design and costing 

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CASINO I-CUBE Face Recognition Solution (PDF - 1.5 MB)

CASINO I-CUBE Face Recognition Solution (PDF - 1.5 MB)

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 I-Cube Face Recognition System design and costing

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"Biometric" technology, which can recognise people from their fingerprints, eyes or other bodily characteristics, is becoming cheaper and more powerful. Is it about to become ubiquitous?

Being digital
Biometrics come in many forms. The idea is said to date back to ancient Egypt, when records of distinguishing features and bodily measurements were used to make sure that people were who they claimed to be. Modern computer based biometric systems are employed for identification ("who is this person?"), in which a subject's identity is determined by comparing a measured biometric against a database of stored records a one to many comparison. 

An eye for an eye
Another biometric is facial recognition, a technology that has gained ground in recent years thanks to the falling price of computer power. It works by analysing a video image or photograph and identifying the positions of several dozen fixed "nodal points" on a person's face. These nodal points, mostly between the forehead and the upper lip, are unaffected by expression or the presence of facial hair, says Joseph Atick of Visionics, a leading vendor of face recognition technology based in New Jersey. Facial recognition is becoming more widespread, says Dr Atick, because it can exploit existing cameras and existing databases of facial images from driving licences and passports.

Facial recognition is used mainly to verify identity. But if the database of possible matches is kept small, it can be used for identification. Unlike other biometrics, facial recognition can also operate "passively" i.e., without people realising they are being scanned. It can thus help to spot terrorists at airports, football hooligans at ports, and cheats at casinos. Visionics' FaceIt system was also used to combat vote rigging in Mexico, by analysing the database of images from voter registration cards and identifying duplicates where the same person had registered under several different names. A list of invalid cards was drawn up to prevent multiple voting. Similar schemes have been used in some American states to identify people making multiple applications for driving licences or welfare payments.

Searching for the killer app
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Dr Atick, a proponent of face recognition systems, has also welcomed the first prototype mobile phones and personal organisers with tiny built in cameras. As it becomes possible to conduct transactions from mobile devices, he argues, it will become increasingly important to be able to verify the identity of the user of a particular device. "I think this is the killer app," he says.
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The biometrics industry has done its best to allay these privacy concerns. In many applications, the spectre of an Orwellian central database can be avoided if users carry their own biometrics around on smart cards, as they do with INSPASS. Only if the biometric stored on the card matches the user's handprint is access granted. Similarly, with face recognition systems, verifying an identity can be done by comparing the photograph in a passport with the face of its bearer; there is no need for a database.

Besides, the nightmare vision of vast computers, correlating biometric scans to monitor citizens' activities, assumes a level of technical expertise on the part of governments that is lacking in the real world. John Woodward, a legal consultant who specialises in biometrics, has coined the term "biometric balkanisation" to describe the inability of biometric systems from different vendors to talk to each other something that, he argues, serves to protect privacy.
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Scanning the future
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Biometrics are sure to grow in importance for both governments and companies. In welfare offices, prisons, high security facilities or when providing access control to networks, the technology can be imposed on users, the security of the entire system is under central control, and the biometric scanners are used by many people, spreading their costs. But the outlook for voluntary adoption of biometrics by consumers is less rosy. In some fields, such as airports or banking, customers may volunteer to use them if they can see a tangible benefit such as faster service, lower charges, or points in a loyalty scheme. Systems that allow consumers to opt in will do much to dispel some of the myths surrounding the technology, and could prepare the ground for wider use.